Thread Rating:

ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
June 10th, 2015 at 4:56:23 PM permalink
Quote: DeMango

How about betting banker with a better than 50% win rate? Also at a casino that only charges 4% comission.


I'm not 100% sure about this, but I think you multiply the above number by (q - 0.95 p) / (q - p) for a 5% commission on the win, or by (q - 0.96 p) / (q - p) for a 4% commission on the win.

Note that the initially calculated EV is negative if p > q, but when you divide the number by q - p, that's also negative, so if q > 0.96p, the result will be positive (and if q < 0.96p, then it's an advantage play).
DeMango
DeMango
  • Threads: 36
  • Posts: 2958
Joined: Feb 2, 2010
June 11th, 2015 at 4:33:19 AM permalink
D'Alembert is a great tool for craps too! Combinations of bets can be used, such as combined 4/10, extreme numbers at crapless, and inside numbers combined. Discounting vig, the odds are 1 to 1, 1 to 1, and 3 to 1. You would have to bet the 11/3 at twice the 2/12. Inside #'s one unit each and three hits or the seven determine whether the bets go up one unit or down. 4/10 also up one unit or down.
When a rock is thrown into a pack of dogs, the one that yells the loudest is the one who got hit.
TwoFeathersATL
TwoFeathersATL
  • Threads: 37
  • Posts: 3616
Joined: May 22, 2013
June 11th, 2015 at 7:52:42 AM permalink
Shoot got nuttin to say except I like the way this started from the original OP, wanted it to stay in the loop.
More later....
Youuuuuu MIGHT be a 'rascal' if.......(nevermind ;-)...2F
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 20th, 2016 at 11:32:56 PM permalink
I was thinking about this topic recently, I was wondering why your simulator seems to be breaking The Law of Large Numbers. Your hypothesis backed up by your simulator results are stating that the longer you play the further away from the expected value you will get. The more trials the further away from 0 you will go, thereby ruining the D'Alembert progression. The law of large numbers defined here by wikipedia, suggest the exact opposite, the more trials the closer to the expected value you will get. So, infinity shouldn't be a problem.

- According to the law, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value, and will tend to become closer as more trials are performed.- Wiki

The law states clearly that the longer the trials go the closer you get to the expected value. So, in our case, let's say after 1 million trials, you are at 49.9% wins, or -1000 units from 0. That in the next million trials you should improve on this number. So, at 2 million trials, instead of 49.9% you would be at 49.99% or -200 from 0. And should tend to get closer and closer until finally reaching the goal of 0. Especially, when we are spacing these at 1 million trial intervals. Each million trials should be closer and closer to the expected value, not further and further away.

Your simulator results, however, goes from -1000 to -2000 to -3000 to -4000, and continues to march away from 0, ignoring the law of large numbers, and thus, thwarting the mathematician D'Alemberts betting system. And, your response is that this is suppose to happen. That the more trials the further you will get from the expected value.

The law seems to support all of my theories about mathematician D'alembert's betting system. So, I tend to agree with it. What am I missing here? How will Infinite trials cause the numbers to stray further and further away from 0?
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 20th, 2016 at 11:37:45 PM permalink
Quote: ThatDonGuy

Why would I say that? In fact, didn't I (and a few others) say that Martingale also always wins on a 50/50 game if you don't have to worry about things like time and bankroll? The same applies to D'Alembert.

I think I have been able to calculate the EV for an infinite D'Alembert under the given stop conditions.
It appears that there are (2n)! / (n! (n+1)!) ways to have n wins and n losses such that the first result is a loss and losses > wins until the (2n)th bet.
If p is the probability of winning a particular bet, then the stop conditions are:
(a) the first bet is a win (probability p, result +1)
(b) the first two results are LW (probability (1-p) p, result +2)
(c) the first two results are LL, then n Ls and Ws that do not result in the number of Ws = the number of Ls (including the first 2) at any point, then WW (probability (2n)! / (n! (n+1)!) * pn+2 * (1-p)n+2, result (n+2))

For a 50/50 game, this appears to diverge
For double-zero roulette, it appears to converge at around 5.210526
For a 25% game, it appears to converge at 0.625

Remember the key word - infinite. A finite D'Alembert has expected value zero for 50/50 and negative for a less than 50/50 game.



This was meant to go with the above post.
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 24th, 2016 at 12:55:16 AM permalink
Just to finish the thought here. The LLN states that the average of the results (or win percentage) will become closer to the expected value the more trials performed. So, I did a little math experiment, starting at 10,000 trials with a win percentage of 49.1%, or -90 units from 0. I added a .001 percent increase to the win percentage every 10,000 trials. So, a modest move closer to 50% every 10,000 trials. Here's what I got.

10,000 trial intervals.

10k x .491 = 4,910 wins -90 from 0
20k x .492 = 9,840 wins -160 from 0
30k x .493 = 14,790 wins -210 from 0
40k x .494 = 19,760 wins -240 from 0
50k x .495 = 24,750 wins -250 from 0
60k x .496 = 29,760 wins -240 from 0
70k x .497 = 34,790 wins -210 from 0
80k x .498 = 39,840 wins -160 from 0
90k x .499 = 44,910 wins -90 from 0

As you can see, the longer you play the closer the win percentage gets to 50%, and the closer to 50% you get, the closer you get to 0.

Interesting fact, this D'Alembert guy, who gets ridiculed so often, apparently did some work with one-dimensional waves. Looking at the above it kinda looks like a wave doesn't it, starts at -90, comes to an apex at -250, and ends at -90.

Just for fun. 100 trial intervals. 1% increase.

100 x .3 = 30 wins -20 from 0
200 x .31 = 62 wins -38 from 0
300 x .32 = 96 wins -54 from 0
400 x .33 = 132 wins -68 from 0
500 x .34 = 170 wins -80 from 0
600 x .35 = 210 wins - 90 from 0
700 x .36 = 252 wins -98 from 0
800 x .37 = 296 wins -104 from 0
900 x .38 = 342 wins -108 from 0
1000 x .39 = 390 wins -110 from 0 (Apex)
1100 x .40 = 440 wins -110 from 0 (Apex)
1200 x .41 = 492 wins -108 from 0
1300 x .42 = 546 wins -104 from 0
1400 x .43 = 602 wins -98 from 0
1500 x .44 = 660 wins -90 from 0
1600 x .45 = 720 wins -80 from 0

After 1600 trials, you are at 45% on your win rate (pretty terrible run), but your already heading back to 0. See the wave forming, with the apex at a measly -110 units from 0. Funny thing is, the above all makes sense.
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
May 24th, 2016 at 8:32:19 AM permalink
Quote: JyBrd0403

Just to finish the thought here. The LLN states that the average of the results (or win percentage) will become closer to the expected value the more trials performed. So, I did a little math experiment, starting at 10,000 trials with a win percentage of 49.1%, or -90 units from 0. I added a .001 percent increase to the win percentage every 10,000 trials. So, a modest move closer to 50% every 10,000 trials. Here's what I got.

10,000 trial intervals.

10k x .491 = 4,910 wins -90 from 0
20k x .492 = 9,840 wins -160 from 0
30k x .493 = 14,790 wins -210 from 0
40k x .494 = 19,760 wins -240 from 0
50k x .495 = 24,750 wins -250 from 0
60k x .496 = 29,760 wins -240 from 0
70k x .497 = 34,790 wins -210 from 0
80k x .498 = 39,840 wins -160 from 0
90k x .499 = 44,910 wins -90 from 0

As you can see, the longer you play the closer the win percentage gets to 50%, and the closer to 50% you get, the closer you get to 0.


Of course the total expected return gets closer to zero if you keep increasing the probability of winning. The trouble is, nobody I know runs any game where this really happens.

What makes you think the overall success rate would jump from 0.498 to 0.499 after the ninth set of 10,000 trials? It can be 0.4981, which is still consistent with the Law of Large Numbers, and yet 90,000 x 0.4981 = 44,829 wins = -171 from 0, which is farther away from 0 than the -160 after 80,000 trials.

However, I did another simulation with a 50/50 bet and the added condition that the streak stops when you make a profit rather than when you win a bet with your original bet amount; so far the largest run needed to turn a profit is 213,928,179 bets, with a bankroll of at least 370,966,364 (and even then, the house has to accept a bet of 29,693); even if you could make 1 bet a second, that would require about 6 3/4 years of 24-hour-a-day nonstop play - and if you stop at any point before then, then D'Alembert failed.
UPDATE: I just had a run of 39,368,476,661 bets needed, with a required bankroll of 55,487,447,683 and a high bet of 375,973; even at 10 bets per second, that's just short of 125 years, and even if the initial bet is one penny, you will need over 550 million dollars to prevent having to stop for lack of funds.


UPDATE #2: After some serious number crunching, I have managed to calculate the EV of a "true D'Alembert" (where you keep betting until you win with a minimum bet) for win probabilities from 0.4 to 0.499:


[
pEV
0.499105.83620371
0.49862.70465528
0.49742.16124641
0.49631.74399952
0.49525.4925
0.49421.32433333
0.49318.34664286
0.49216.113
0.49114.37538889
0.49012.985
0.48911.84713636
0.48810.89866667
0.48710.09588462
0.4869.40757143
0.4858.81083333
0.4848.2885
0.4837.82744118
0.4827.41744444
0.4817.05044737
0.4806.72
0.4796.42088095
0.4786.14881818
0.4775.90028261
0.4765.67233333
0.4755.4625
0.4745.26869231
0.4735.08912963
0.4724.92228571
0.4714.76684483
0.4704.62166667
0.4694.48575806
0.4684.35825
0.4674.23837879
0.4664.12547059
0.4654.01892857
0.4643.91822222
0.4633.82287838
0.4623.73247368
0.4613.64662821
0.4603.565
0.4593.48728049
0.4583.41319048
0.4573.34247674
0.4563.27490909
0.4553.21027778
0.4543.1483913
0.4533.08907447
0.4523.03216667
0.4512.97752041
0.4502.925
0.4492.87448039
0.4482.82584615
0.4472.77899057
0.4462.73381481
0.4452.69022727
0.4442.64814286
0.4432.60748246
0.4422.56817241
0.4412.53014407
0.4402.49333333
0.4392.45768033
0.4382.42312903
0.4372.38962698
0.4362.357125
0.4352.32557692
0.4342.29493939
0.4332.26517164
0.4322.23623529
0.4312.2080942
0.4302.18071429
0.4292.15406338
0.4282.12811111
0.4272.10282877
0.4262.07818919
0.4252.05416667
0.4242.03073684
0.4232.00787662
0.4221.9855641
0.4211.96377848
0.4201.9425
0.4191.92170988
0.4181.90139024
0.4171.8815241
0.4161.86209524
0.4151.84308824
0.4141.82448837
0.4131.80628161
0.4121.78845455
0.4111.77099438
0.4101.75388889
0.4091.73712637
0.4081.72069565
0.4071.70458602
0.4061.68878723
0.4051.67328947
0.4041.65808333
0.4031.64315979
0.4021.6285102
0.4011.61412626
0.4001.6



However, these numbers imply infinite bankroll and infinite time - I still need to see if I can determine any statistics (e.g. mean, median) concerning the number of bets necessary.
Last edited by: ThatDonGuy on May 24, 2016
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
May 24th, 2016 at 9:17:14 PM permalink
Quote: ThatDonGuy

UPDATE #2: After some serious number crunching, I have managed to calculate the EV of a "true D'Alembert" (where you keep betting until you win with a minimum bet) for win probabilities from 0.4 to 0.499


Slight correction: a true D'Alembert ends when the bet returns to the minimum, not when you win a bet with the minimum.

Also, I have figured out the "per bet" EV for infinite time and bankroll (I can't stress that enough - this does not apply if there is any sort of limit where you could walk away a loser) if the per-bet win probability is p:
You win your first bet with probability p: the "run" ends with you being +1
You lose your first bet with probability 1-p: the "run" ends with N wins and N losses, and you being +N
The total EV per bet is (p x 1) + ((1 - p) x N / 2N) = p + (1 - p) / 2 = (1 - p) / 2
Yes, the EV is higher if the win probability is lower; this is because you will need more bets to make it back to the starting point, and your resulting profit when you get there will be higher.

Note that if there is any sort of time or bankroll limit, then the EV = the player's edge (i.e. -1 x the HE) of the bet x the expected total amount of money bet, which is always negative if the HE is positive. This is not as easy to calculate; for example, if a run is LLLWWW, the bets are 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, which is 15, but if the run is LLWLWW, the bets are 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, which is 13.
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 24th, 2016 at 11:57:58 PM permalink
Probability of winning is 50/50. Technically,the win rate wouldn't be used according to the LLN, but instead the average results every 10,000 trials. So, if the average results obtained means that you have to take the average wins every 10,000 trials. Then the average results would increase every 10,000 trials. Which....... kinda looks exactly the same.

1) 4,910 wins
2) 4,930 wins (avg. of 1,2) 4,920 wins .492
3) 4,950 wins (avg. of 1,2,3) 4,930 wins .493
4) 4,970 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4) 4,940 wins .494
5) 4,990 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5) 4,950 wins .495
6) 5,010 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6) 4,960 wins .496
7) 5,030 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 4,970 wins .497
8) 5,050 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 4,980 wins .498
9) 5,070 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) 4,990 wins .499

The wave disappears doing it this way, but you can still do it the other way and see the wave :) But, it's pretty much the same thing. Which means that the wins move closer to the EV the more trials you run. The simulator results are still showing the exact opposite, the more trials the further from 0 you go. I'm sure if your simulator shows the avg. results it would have to be breaking the law of large numbers. I can't see any way the wins could keep straying away from 0 without breaking the law.

I don't understand your Table, are you saying for infinite bankroll and infinite time the EV is positive for the D'Alembert? Even at a .40 win probability?
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
May 25th, 2016 at 7:11:55 AM permalink
Quote: JyBrd0403

Probability of winning is 50/50. Technically,the win rate wouldn't be used according to the LLN, but instead the average results every 10,000 trials. So, if the average results obtained means that you have to take the average wins every 10,000 trials. Then the average results would increase every 10,000 trials. Which....... kinda looks exactly the same.

1) 4,910 wins
2) 4,930 wins (avg. of 1,2) 4,920 wins .492
3) 4,950 wins (avg. of 1,2,3) 4,930 wins .493
4) 4,970 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4) 4,940 wins .494
5) 4,990 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5) 4,950 wins .495
6) 5,010 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6) 4,960 wins .496
7) 5,030 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 4,970 wins .497
8) 5,050 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) 4,980 wins .498
9) 5,070 wins (avg. of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) 4,990 wins .499

The wave disappears doing it this way, but you can still do it the other way and see the wave :) But, it's pretty much the same thing. Which means that the wins move closer to the EV the more trials you run. The simulator results are still showing the exact opposite, the more trials the further from 0 you go. I'm sure if your simulator shows the avg. results it would have to be breaking the law of large numbers. I can't see any way the wins could keep straying away from 0 without breaking the law.


The fraction of wins approaches 0.5, but that does not necessarily mean that the wins minus losses value approaches zero - I have already shown a counterexample to that statement.
Here is the definition of the Law of Large Numbers from Wolfram Mathworld (emphasis mine):

A "law of large numbers" is one of several theorems expressing the idea that as the number of trials of a random process increases, the percentage difference between the expected and actual values goes to zero.

Quote: JyBrd0403

I don't understand your Table, are you saying for infinite bankroll and infinite time the EV is positive for the D'Alembert? Even at a .40 win probability?


Yes - similar to the principle of "infinite monkeys and infinite typewriters," you "should" "eventually" catch up for any positive probability bet. It might take quadrillions of years, but it "should" happen "eventually." Of course, keep in mind that, under the same conditions, Martingale has positive EV as well.

I ran a 50/50 bet simulation using D'Alembert with the stop condition that you had to stop if you wiped out a bankroll of one billion (with a B) initial bets. At first, every sequence won, and the "per run" profit got as high as 6000 - then, about one billion runs into the simulation, it hit a bet that kept trying to crawl its way back to success but eventually hit the bankroll limit, and the per run profit (including all of the ones that led to the 6000 per run rate up to that point) was now a 6000 per run average loss. Note that the overall bet success was 49.99893%. This is in line with a general principle of pretty much every system - the fraction of wins may be high, but the ratio of average loss amount to average win amount makes up for it.
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 26th, 2016 at 1:42:24 AM permalink
Quote: ThatDonGuy

The fraction of wins approaches 0.5, but that does not necessarily mean that the wins minus losses value approaches zero - I have already shown a counterexample to that statement.
Here is the definition of the Law of Large Numbers from Wolfram Mathworld (emphasis mine):

A "law of large numbers" is one of several theorems expressing the idea that as the number of trials of a random process increases, the percentage difference between the expected and actual values goes to zero.


Yes - similar to the principle of "infinite monkeys and infinite typewriters," you "should" "eventually" catch up for any positive probability bet. It might take quadrillions of years, but it "should" happen "eventually." Of course, keep in mind that, under the same conditions, Martingale has positive EV as well.

I ran a 50/50 bet simulation using D'Alembert with the stop condition that you had to stop if you wiped out a bankroll of one billion (with a B) initial bets. At first, every sequence won, and the "per run" profit got as high as 6000 - then, about one billion runs into the simulation, it hit a bet that kept trying to crawl its way back to success but eventually hit the bankroll limit, and the per run profit (including all of the ones that led to the 6000 per run rate up to that point) was now a 6000 per run average loss. Note that the overall bet success was 49.99893%. This is in line with a general principle of pretty much every system - the fraction of wins may be high, but the ratio of average loss amount to average win amount makes up for it.



When you ran the simulation, did you see if the simulator broke the LLN? Did it go backwards, like. 49,9% to 49.8% to 49.7% to 49.3% etc. before finishing up at 49.99893%?
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
May 26th, 2016 at 6:07:50 AM permalink
Quote: JyBrd0403

When you ran the simulation, did you see if the simulator broke the LLN? Did it go backwards, like. 49,9% to 49.8% to 49.7% to 49.3% etc. before finishing up at 49.99893%?


How far down does the winning percentage have to go before you consider it to "break the LLN"? If you consider any drop to "break LLN," then yes, it did go backwards, and quite a lot - because if the winning percentage is under 50%, any loss will cause the percentage to drop (as you have the same number of wins, but one more total play than before). One of the reasons LLN "works" is, if the winning percentage is under 50%, it will go up if your next two plays are a win and a loss (in either order) - or, for that matter, if your next 2N plays are N wins and N losses, again in any order.

Suppose you have W wins and L losses, with W < L; your fraction of wins is W / (W + L) < 1/2.
After N more wins and N more losses, it is (W + N) / (W + L + 2N).
L > W, so multiply both sides by N: LN > WN
Add W2 + WL + WN to both sides:
W2 + WL + WN + LN > W2 + WL + 2WN
(W + N) (W + L) > W (W + L + 2N)
(W + N) / (W + L + 2N) > W / (W + L)
Your fraction of wins has gone up

Similarly, if your winning percentage > 50%, then an equal number of subsequent wins and losses cause it to go down.

However, LLN is not "set in stone"; if I play a 50/50 game a billion times and win 49.99999% of them, that does not mean that I have to win at least 49.99999% of the next billion as "otherwise that breaks LLN as my fraction of wins will go down." Believing otherwise is pretty much the definition of the Gambler's Fallacy.
RS
RS
  • Threads: 62
  • Posts: 8626
Joined: Feb 11, 2014
May 26th, 2016 at 8:03:28 AM permalink
I think the reason why it's showing it's +EV is (if I understand what you did, correctly) that it basically makes it stop when it's ahead and will not stop if it's behind. It's like saying, "If I win....then I've won -- aha that's proof I will win!".....but there are no end-results for losing...sorta like the Rob Singer & Alan Mendelson theory: "If you walk out a winner, you can't lose!"
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 26th, 2016 at 9:30:06 PM permalink
Quote: ThatDonGuy



However, LLN is not "set in stone"; if I play a 50/50 game a billion times and win 49.99999% of them, that does not mean that I have to win at least 49.99999% of the next billion as "otherwise that breaks LLN as my fraction of wins will go down." Believing otherwise is pretty much the definition of the Gambler's Fallacy.



Really? To defend the simulation results you're now going to throw out the Law of Large Numbers? Really?

Hear tell it's a fundamental theorem of probabilities. Fundamental meaning if you throw that out you can throw out the rest of probability math as well.

You know when I read on the internet they usually talk about 10,000 trials for the LLN to take effect. You now want to toss out billions of trials? Really?
DiscreteMaths2
DiscreteMaths2
  • Threads: 13
  • Posts: 241
Joined: May 4, 2016
May 26th, 2016 at 11:18:06 PM permalink
All D'alembert does is modify the frequency distribution of the net gains / net losses at the end of a gaming session, which when you take all the sessions into account approaches the EV of the game after more and more sessions. Any other betting system you can think of approaches that same EV. If me and you bet on fair coin flips, the rate and manner we choose bet amounts isn't going to make the fair coin not 50/50. I mean the betting system is literally named after Jean le Rond d'Alembert, the guy who thought the chance of a coin flip changed based on past results: https://www.cs.xu.edu/math/Sources/Dalembert/croix_ou_pile.pdf

There is no shame falling for Gambler's Fallacy, even an incredibly smart guy like d'Alembert did.
Assume the worst, believe no one, and make your move only when you are certain that you are unbeatable or have, at worst, exceptionally good odds in your favor.
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
Thanked by
Pman19
May 27th, 2016 at 9:14:33 AM permalink
Quote: JyBrd0403

Really? To defend the simulation results you're now going to throw out the Law of Large Numbers? Really?


What do you mean by "defend the simulation"? Are you claiming that, since the percentage of wins dropped at all once it got below 50%, then it is flawed because LLN says "that can't happen"?

I will repeat my earlier question:
How far down does the winning percentage have to go before you consider it to "break the LLN"?

Here's another question for you:
Suppose, in the first billion trials, there were 500,300,000 heads - a 50.03% win rate. Then, in the next billion trials, there were only 500,100,000 heads - a 50.01% win rate. The rate dropped from 50.03% to 50.02%, "as expected by LLN."
Now, switch the two sets of trials; the rate now increases from 50.01% in the first billion to 50.02% in the first two billion. This appears to contradict LLN.
Are you saying that the two sets of one billion events weren't equally as likely to be the "first set"?
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 27th, 2016 at 4:04:57 PM permalink
Quote: DiscreteMaths2

I mean the betting system is literally named after Jean le Rond d'Alembert, the guy who thought the chance of a coin flip changed based on past results: https://www.cs.xu.edu/math/Sources/Dalembert/croix_ou_pile.pdf

There is no shame falling for Gambler's Fallacy, even an incredibly smart guy like d'Alembert did.



-Another question. Pierre plays against Paul on this condition, that if Pierre brings heads on the first toss, he will pay an ecu1
to Paul; if heads is brought only on the second toss, two ecus; if on the third toss, four, & thus in succession.-

It looks like this must have been some early work D'Alembert did on the subject, if it's legitimate at all. 1+2+4... is a martingale progression, not the D'Alembert progression.
JyBrd0403
JyBrd0403
  • Threads: 12
  • Posts: 548
Joined: Jan 25, 2010
May 27th, 2016 at 4:07:31 PM permalink
Quote: ThatDonGuy

What do you mean by "defend the simulation"? Are you claiming that, since the percentage of wins dropped at all once it got below 50%, then it is flawed because LLN says "that can't happen"?

I will repeat my earlier question:
How far down does the winning percentage have to go before you consider it to "break the LLN"?

Here's another question for you:
Suppose, in the first billion trials, there were 500,300,000 heads - a 50.03% win rate. Then, in the next billion trials, there were only 500,100,000 heads - a 50.01% win rate. The rate dropped from 50.03% to 50.02%, "as expected by LLN."
Now, switch the two sets of trials; the rate now increases from 50.01% in the first billion to 50.02% in the first two billion. This appears to contradict LLN.
Are you saying that the two sets of one billion events weren't equally as likely to be the "first set"?



The LLN says that the win percentage will move closer to the EV the more trials you run. Most math experts I see on the internet consider 10,000 trials enough for the LLN to kick in, meaning that after 100 trials you might be at 49%, after 500 trials you may move down to 47%, but after 10,000 trials the win percentage will have moved closer to the EV then it was at 100 trials. So, you can expect the win percentage to move closer to the EV every 10,000 trials or so.

So, yes according to the LLN in billion trial intervals, any move backwards in the win percentage from the 1st billion to the 2nd billion (and in this case a 200,000 unit move backward) would definitely be breaking the LLN. Especially, when the argument is that you would continue to move further away from 0 after this point.
sisyphus
sisyphus
  • Threads: 1
  • Posts: 20
Joined: Dec 7, 2015
May 29th, 2016 at 7:15:11 PM permalink
Quote: DiscreteMaths2

All D'alembert does is modify the frequency distribution of the net gains / net losses at the end of a gaming session, which when you take all the sessions into account approaches the EV of the game after more and more sessions. Any other betting system you can think of approaches that same EV. If me and you bet on fair coin flips, the rate and manner we choose bet amounts isn't going to make the fair coin not 50/50. I mean the betting system is literally named after Jean le Rond d'Alembert, the guy who thought the chance of a coin flip changed based on past results: /math/Sources/Dalembert/croix_ou_pile.pdf

There is no shame falling for Gambler's Fallacy, even an incredibly smart guy like d'Alembert did.

sisyphus
sisyphus
  • Threads: 1
  • Posts: 20
Joined: Dec 7, 2015
May 29th, 2016 at 7:27:22 PM permalink
Members lay in wait for the chance of shaming posters who "fall" for the gamblers fallacy.
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
December 3rd, 2019 at 4:03:38 PM permalink
And after only 3 1/2 years, I finally managed to answer the original question:

Given unlimited time and bankroll - without both of which, you have a stop loss condition and the ER is negative for p < 1/2 - the ER for D'Alembert is:

2p + p2 / (1 - 2p)

where p is the probability of winning a single bet
Note that, for p >= 0.5, the value diverges.

For double-zero roulette, p = 9/19, so the ER is 99/19.
Of course, this assumes you can hold out for a loss streak to catch up. With 57 spins/hour, which is fast, a run of 1 billion spins, which is not unusual, will require 2000 years.
unJon
unJon
  • Threads: 16
  • Posts: 4725
Joined: Jul 1, 2018
December 3rd, 2019 at 5:26:21 PM permalink
Fun thread. Thanks for posting. What does your diverging formula say when p > 0.5 but the wins are less than double (so there’s still a HE). Such as banker bet in baccarat. Does formula not work?
The race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; but that is the way to bet.
ThatDonGuy
ThatDonGuy
  • Threads: 122
  • Posts: 6590
Joined: Jun 22, 2011
December 3rd, 2019 at 6:19:51 PM permalink
Quote: unJon

Fun thread. Thanks for posting. What does your diverging formula say when p > 0.5 but the wins are less than double (so there’s still a HE). Such as banker bet in baccarat. Does formula not work?


This particular formula doesn't work, as the amount won no longer equals the number of wins in the run, and can be different depending on the order of the wins and losses.

For example, if X is the amount you make for a win, a run of L L L W W W is -1 - 2 - 3 + 4x + 3x + 2x = 9x - 6, while a run of L L W L W W is -1 - 2 + 3x - 2 + 3 x + 2 x = 8x - 5. The values are the same if X = 1, but otherwise, they are different, and that's just for the two runs of six hands.
ChumpChange
ChumpChange
  • Threads: 128
  • Posts: 5073
Joined: Jun 15, 2018
December 4th, 2019 at 2:11:23 AM permalink
Keep losing those bets that make up the HA (like Green on roulette or the push on the 12 on the Don't Come), and you'll be less likely to recover to 15 Losses and 16 Wins, so you may just want to reset your D'Alembert when you get back to the plus side by 2-3 wins (+$60 to +$100 in this example). I'm having fun playing the Field Bet. I got demolished playing the Don't Pass. I got demolished on the Field Bet in 38 rolls and lost $1,070 with a $150 maximum bet. I had a winning streak of $1,050 in 145 rolls just before this bust. Lost another $1,000 in 37 rolls. WinCraps is really hating on me again. I should try this when I'm shooting Field numbers at the table. This digital stuff doesn't seem real anymore. I could go from $10 to $40 bets in $2 increments with a $400 buy-in; or from $25 to $100 bets in $5 increments for a $1,000 buy-in.





Bet Total Bet
$10 $10
$20 $30
$30 $60
$40 $100
$50 $150
$60 $210
$70 $280
$80 $360
$90 $450
$100 $550
$110 $660
$120 $780
$130 $910
$140 $1050
$150 $1200





Bet Balance
$150 -$1200
$160 -$1040
$150 -$890
$140 -$750
$130 -$620
$120 -$500
$110 -$390
$100 -$290
$90 -$200
$80 -$120
$70 -$50
$60 $10
$50 $60
$40 $100
$30 $130
$20 $150
$10 $160
Last edited by: ChumpChange on Dec 4, 2019
  • Jump to: